Folded in
The Earth turning over
The turning-over question sits off the reading path. Two pieces of it hold, and they are argued alongside the rest of the case.
Where it went
Two that hold, and one figure.
Each is stated once, on the page carrying the claim.
True polar wander is accepted: the whole solid Earth, mantle and crust together, rolls relative to the spin axis. It is a different claim from crustal displacement and it delivers the same observable, so ground that was tropical ending up polar does not require defending the contested mechanism. The claim →
The ice runs continuous past 1.2 million years in Antarctica and past the last warm period in Greenland, which forecloses a recent crustal shift: a continent that travelled to the tropics would have lost its ice, and with it the record. The claim →
Toba's position in the ice is ambiguous, with four candidate sulphate peaks sitting inside the uncertainty on its radiometric date. The figures →