Moved

What the standard picture does not know

Four open problems from this ledger earn their place elsewhere on the site, each attached to the argument it bears on. A hole in an account is a reason to stop asserting certainty; it is not evidence for whatever anyone would like to put in the hole.

Where they went

Four keepers, four pointers.

Each of these is a named, published, actively worked problem inside the mainstream account, and each now sits beside the claim it qualifies.

Open problems from this page and where they are now argued
The gapWhere it is argued
The solar abundance problemStandard solar models built with the measured surface composition disagree with helioseismology on convection zone depth, surface helium and sound speed. On the claim, with the figures in the numbers.
The 100,000-year problemThe strongest rhythm in the ice record sits where the orbital forcing is weakest, and the beat switched at the Mid-Pleistocene Transition with no matching change in the forcing. On the calm.
The shed-mass boundThe Sun loses mass continuously and every orbit widens by the same fraction, which turns a rhetorical point into a ceiling on how much can have been shed. On the tests, with the working.
Iron-60 against the heliosphereIsotope chemistry in the seabed and heliospheric modelling land on the same two dates, about two million years and near seven. On the claim.
Known

Uncertainty has a gradient, and that discipline is what stops this position collapsing into an anything-goes one. "Not certain" does not mean "all equally uncertain", which is why the argument is ranked in layers rather than listed flat. The ladder is set out on the claim.

The things that would settle something →